INVENTIONS

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Heavier-than-air craft. Designed (invented) for the first time by an European. Designed (invented) for the first time by an US citizen. Designed (invented) for the first time in 19th century. Designed (invented) for the first time in 20th century. Can be powered by a gasoline engine. Is a transport. Used by the military only. Can move faster than a car. Powered by electric energy. Aerosol can Abacus Air brake Air conditioning Aircraft carrier Airplane Airship or dirigibles Aluminum manufacture (by electrolytic action) Anesthetic First demonstration of antibiotic effect Antiseptic (surgery) Electric Appliances (fan) Aqualung Aqueduct Aspirin Automobile Autopilot (for aircraft) Bacteria Balloon, hot-air Barbed wire Barometer Bicycle Braille Camera (hand-held) Carpet sweeper Car radio Portland cement Spruce-based Chewing gum Classification of plants Clock, pendulum Coca-Cola Compact disk Computers Concrete (reinforced) Condensed milk Cosmetics Crossbow (arbalest) Cyclotron DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Dynamite Electric cooking utensil Electric lamp Electric generator (dynamo) Electrocardiography Electromagnet Elevator, passenger (safety device permitting use by passengers) Internal-combustion engine Fermentation Fiber optics Fingerprints Frozen food Gene transfer (human) Glider Gunpowder Gyrocompass Heart implanted in human, permanent artificial Helicopter Holograph Home videotape systems (VCR) Hovercraft (air-cushion vehicle) Induction, electric Insulin Interferon Isotopes Jet propulsion engine Laser LCD (liquid crystal display) Bifocal lens Leyden jar (prototype electrical condenser) Lightning conductor (rod) Locomotive (steam powered) Cylinder lock Loom (horizontal, two-beamed) Machine gun Match (phosphorus) Metric system Microscope Microwave oven Motion pictures Motion pictures with sound Electric motor Motorcycle Moving assembly line Nuclear reactor Oil well Pacemaker (internal) Paper Parachute Fountain pen Periodic law shows that properties of elements are functions of their atomic weights. Periodic table (chemistry) Phonograph Photography Piano (Hammerklavier) Plastics Plow, forked Printing Psychoanalysis Radar Radio Radioactivity (X-rays) Razor (safety, successfully marketed) Reaper Refrigerator Refrigerator ship (first) Rifle (muzzle-loaded) Rocket (liquid-fueled) Roller bearing (wooden for cartwheel) Rubber (vulcanization process) Saccharin Safety pin "Scotch" tape Screw propeller Sewing machine Space Shuttle Spectrum analysis Steam engine Steamship Stethoscope Submarine Tank, military Teflon Telegraph Telephone Telescope Television Zip-fastener The test is finished. You are the WINNER !!! You win the gold LOGO (click on the logo) You are the WINNER !!! You win the silver LOGO (click on the logo) to the beginning Try once more - You can improve the result and win a prize You made a mistake. Now click on button [TRUE] You clicked on [FALSE]. You clicked on [TRUE]. Erik Rotheim, Norway, 1926. A calculating device consisting of balls strung on wires or rods set in a frame. Probably of Babylonian origin. George Westinghouse, U.S., 1868. Willis Carrier, U.S., 1911. A naval vessel with a large flat deck for launching and landing aircrafts. First flight from the deck of a ship was made in 1910, the first aircraft carrier was completed for Royal Navy in 1918, the first nuclear-powered carrier (US) in 1961. Engine-driven vehicle that flies through the air supported by air acting against its wings. American aviators Orville and Wilbur Wright are considered the inventors of the first successful, manned heavier-than-air flying machine. In December 1903, Orville Wright traveled a distance of about 37 meters in a craft called the Flyer. Henri Giffard, France, 1852; (rigid) Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Germany, 1900. Airship, lighter-than-air craft equipped with a bag containing a gas to lift the ship. Charles M. Hall, U.S., 1866. Crawford W. Long, U.S., 1842. Louis Pasteur, Jules-François Joubert, France, 1887; (discovery of penicillin, first modern antibiotic) Alexander Fleming, England, 1928. Joseph Lister, England, 1867. Schuyler Wheeler, U.S., 1882; (flatiron) Henry W. Seely, U.S., 1882; (stove) Hadaway, U.S., 1896; (washing machine) Alva Fisher, U.S., 1906. Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Emile Gagnan, France, 1943. A narrow bridge designed to enable water to flow over an irregular natural terrain. The Greeks and the Romans built the aqueducts. Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany, 1899. First with internal combustion engine: Karl Benz, Germany, Gottlieb Daimler, 1885; Germany, 1885. Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., c.1910, first successful test, 1912, in a Curtiss flying boat. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683. Lighter-than-air craft consisting of a large spherical bag made of a nonporous material, and containing either hot air or a gas that is lighter than air. Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier, France, 1783. Joseph E. Glidden, U.S., 1873. An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. Evangelista Torricelli, Italy, 1643. Two-wheeled, foot-propelled vehicle. Karl D. von Sauerbronn, Germany, 1816; (first modern model) James Starley, England, 1884. Modern Braille system consists of 63 characters, each of which is made up of one to six embossed dots. Louis Braille, France, 1829. George Eastman, U.S., 1888; (Polaroid Land) Edwin Land, U.S., 1948. Melville R. Bissell, U.S., 1876. William Lear, Elmer Wavering, U.S., 1929, manufactured by Galvin Manufacturing Co., "Motorola." Joseph Aspdin, England, 1824. John Curtis, U.S., 1848; (chicle-based) Thomas Adams, U.S., 1870. (first modern, based on comparative study of forms) Andrea Cesalpino, Italy, 1583; (classification of plants and animals by genera and species) Carolus Linnaeus, Sweden, 1737-1753. Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1656. John Pemberton, U.S., 1886. RCA, U.S., 1972. ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, first all-electronic, completed 1945; UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer, handled both numeric and alphabetic data, 1951. Joseph Monier, France, 1877. Gail Borden, U.S., 1853. Egypt, c. 4000 B.C.E. China, c. 300 B.C.E. Kind of bow placed across a grooved wooden support, used for shorting arrows. Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S., 1931. A nucleic acid that is the chief constituent of the chromosomes, carrying genetic information. Friedrich Meischer, Germany, 1869; Alfred Nobel, Sweden, 1867. patented by St. George Lane-Fox, England, 1874. (arc lamp) Sir Humphrey Davy, England, 1801; (fluorescent lamp) A.E. Becquerel, France, 1867; (incandescent lamp) Sir Joseph Swann, England, Thomas A. Edison, U.S., contemporaneously, 1870s; (carbon arc street lamp) Charles F. Brush, U.S., 1879; (first widely marketed incandescent lamp) Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1879; Michael Faraday, England, 1832; Joseph Henry, U.S., c.1832; (hand-driven model) Demonstrated by Augustus Waller, 1887; (first practical device for recording activity of heart) Willem Einthoven, 1903, Dutch physiologist. William Sturgeon, England, 1823. Elisha G. Otis, U.S., 1852; (elevator utilizing safety device) 1857. A heat engine in which fuel burnt inside the engine. No single inventor. The first four-stroke engine was patented by N. Otto, Germany, 1876; (diesel) Rudolf Diesel, Germany, 1892. Louis Pasteur, France, c.1860. Narinder Kapany, England, 1955. The impression made by pattern of ridges on the palmar side of the end joint of the fingers and thumbs. Introduced in 1901 for identifying criminals. Sir William Herschel and Sir Edvard Henry Clarence Birdseye, U.S., 1924. Steven Rosenberg, R. Michael Blaese, W. French Anderson, U.S., 1989. heavier-than-air craft with no engine that stays aloft as a result of the aerodynamic forces acting upon it. Pioneer aeronauts first built and successfully flew gliders in the 1870s. China, c.700. Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., 1905. Dr. Robert Jarvik, U.S., 1982. heavier-than-air craft that derives its lift from a power-driven rotor or rotors, revolving horizontally on a vertical axis above the fuselage. Double rotor: Heinrich Focke, Germany, 1936; (single rotor) Igor Sikorsky, U.S., 1939. In 1967 the machine made the first transatlantic flight, from New York to Paris. Dennis Gabor, England, 1947. (Betamax) Sony, Japan, 1975; (VHS) Matsushita, Japan, 1975. Craft capable of moving over land or water while supported on a cushion of air made by own (jet) engine. 1959, England, Christopher Cockerell. Joseph Henry, U.S., 1828. (first isolated) Sir Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best, Canada, 1921; (Nobel Prize awarded for purification for use in humans) John Macleod and Banting, 1923; Alick Isaacs, Jean Lindemann, England, Switzerland, 1957. Frederick Soddy, England, 1912; J. J. Thompson, England, 1913. A form of gas turbine in which part of the energy released by burning the fuel drives a turbine, which in turn drives a compressor to increase the pressure of the air required for combustion. The jet engine was patented in 1930 by Sir Frank Whittle and first aircraft powered by Whittle engine started in 1941 in England. Hans von Ohain, Germany, 1936; (aircraft) Heinkel He 178, 1939. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A device that produces a beam of high-intensity coherent monochromic radiation (light, infrared, or ultraviolet). Theory: Charles H. Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, U.S., N. Basov, A. Prokhorov, U.S.S.R., 1958; (first working model) T. H. Maiman, U.S., 1960. Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland, 1970. Benjamin Franklin, U.S., c.1760. Lens is a piece of transparent material (glass, quartz, or plastic) used for directing and focusing beams of light. Canon E. G. von Kleist of Kamin, Pomerania, 1745; Cunaeus and P. van Musschenbroek, University of Leyden, Holland, 1746, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a thunderstorm, U.S., 1752. He was lucky not to be killed. The locomotive functions solely as a power unit and does not carry passengers or freight. British engineer and inventor Richard Trevithick constructed the first practical locomotive in England in 1804, (first practical, due to multiple-fire-tube boiler) George Stephenson, England, 1829. Linus Yale, U.S., 1851. Egypt, c. 4400 B.C.E.; (flying shuttle) John Kay, England, 1733; (power-driven loom) Edmund Cartwright, England, 1785. James Puckle, England, 1718; Richard J. Gatling, U.S., 1861. François Derosne, France, 1816; (friction) Charles Sauria, France, 1831; (safety) J. E. Lundstrom, Sweden, 1855. Revolutionary government of France, 1790-1801. Zacharias Janssen, The Netherlands, 1590; (electron) Vladimir Zworykin et al., U.S., Canada, Germany, 1932-1939. Percy Spencer, U.S., 1947. Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1893. First picture with synchronized musical score Don Juan, 1926; with spoken dialogue The Jazz Singer, 1927; both Warner Bros. , US Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy usually for driving machinarry. Michael Faraday, England, 1822; (alternating-current) Nikola Tesla, U.S., 1892. Two-wheeled engine-powered vehicle. The true modern motorcycle was Gottlieb Daimler's, Germany, 1885 bicycle powered by an Otto's four-stroke engine. Henry Ford, U.S., 1913. Enrico Fermi, Italy, et al., 1942. Edwin L. Drake, U.S., 1859. Electronic device (with radioactive core) to correct weak or irregular heart beats. Clarence W. Lillehie, Earl Bakk, U.S., 1957. A substance in sheet form made from the pulped cellulose fibres of wood, grass, cotton and used for writing and printing on, wrapping, etc. China, c.100 C.E. Louis S. Lenormand, France, 1783. Lewis E. Waterman, U.S., 1884; (ball-point, for marking on rough surfaces) John H. Loud, U.S., 1888; (ball-point, for handwriting) Lazlo Biro, Argentina, 1944. Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869. Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869. Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1877. Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, France, 1816-1827. Bartolommeo Cristofori, Italy, 1709. Alexander Parkes, England, 1855; (Celluloid, involving recognition of vital effect of camphor) John W. Hyatt, U.S., 1869; (Bakelite, first completely synthetic plastic) Leo H. Baekeland, U.S., 1910. Mesopotamia, before 3000 B.C.E. (block) Japan, c.700; (movable type) Korea, c.1400; Johann Gutenberg, Germany, c.1450. Sigmund Freud, Austria, c.1904. First practical radar-radio detection and ranging: Sir Robert Watson-Watt, England, 1934-1935. Transmission of sound or other information by radio-frequency (3 kilohertz to 300 gigahertz) electromagnetic waves. First practical system of wireless telegraphy: G. Marconi, Italy, A. Popov, Russia, 1895; First long-distance telegraphic radio signal sent across the Atlantic: Marconi, 1901; Wilhelm K. Roentgen, Germany, 1895. King Gillette, U.S., 1901; (electric) Jacob Schick, U.S., 1928, 1931. Cyrus McCormick, U.S., 1834. Alexander Twining, U.S., James Harrison, Australia, 1850; (first with a compressor device) the Domelse, Chicago, U.S., 1913. the Frigorifique, cooling unit designed by Charles Teller, France, 1877. Italy, Germany, c.1475; (breech-loaded) England, France, Germany, U.S., c.1866; (bolt-action) Paul von Mauser, Germany, 1889; (automatic) John Browning, U.S., 1918. Robert Goddard, U.S., 1926. A support of rotating shaft. Germany or France, c.100 B.C.E. Charles Goodyear, U.S., 1839. Constantine Fuhlberg, Ira Remsen, U.S., 1879. Walter Hunt, U.S., 1849. Richard Drew, U.S., 1929. Sir Francis P. Smith, England, 1836; John Ericsson, England,1837. Elias Howe, U.S., 1846; (continuous stitch) Isaac Singer, U.S., 1851. Designed for transporting humans and cargo to and from orbit around the earth. The first space shuttle, Columbia, was launched in 1981. The space shuttle leaves the earth as a vertically launched rocket, but is landed horizontally on a conventional airport runway. Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen, Germany, 1859. A heat engine in which heat from a furnace is used to raise steam, the expansion of which forces a piston to move up and qown in a cylinder to provide mechanical energy. Thomas Savery, England, 1639; James Watt, England, 1769 patented a single-acting steam engine. Robert Fulton, U.S., 1807 launched first commercially successful steamship. René Laënnec, France, 1819. A warship designed for sustained under water . The first attempts to build a submarine were made by Cornelis Drebbel of Holland in 1620 and David Bushnell of Connecticut in 1776. Submarines were first used extensively by the German navy in World War I and II. Heavily armored military vehicle, with cross-country mobility and speeds up to 97 km/h (60 mph). Heavier-than-air craft. The machines mount cannons ranging from 75 mm to 122 mm in the turret. The machine speeds up to 97 km/h (60 mph). The machines range in weight from approximately 14 to 54 metric tons. Sir Ernest Swinton, England, 1914 DuPont, U.S., 1943. Samuel F. B. Morse, U.S., 1837 Alexander Graham Bell, U.S., 1876 An optical instrument that produces a magnified image of distant object. Hans Lippershey, The Netherlands, 1608; (astronomical) Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1609; (reflecting) Isaac Newton, England, 1668. Broadcasting of pictures and sound by radio waves or electric cable. Vladimir Zworkin, U.S., 1923, and also kinescope (cathode ray tube), 1928; (first all-electric television image), 1927, Philo T. Farnsworth, U.S. Used for fastening articles of clothing, shoes, bags, etc. "Locker or unlocker" for shoes patented in 1893 by W.L. Judson The test is finished.